''Adansonia madagascariensis'' or Madagascar baobab is a small to large deciduous tree in the family

Malvaceae Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ...

. It is one of six species of

baobab ''Adansonia'' is a genus made up of eight species of medium-to-large deciduous trees known as baobabs ( or ). They are placed in the Malvaceae family, subfamily Bombacoideae. They are native to Madagascar, mainland Africa, and Australia.Trop ...

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...

, where it occurs in the

Madagascar dry deciduous forest The Madagascar dry deciduous forests represent a tropical dry forest ecoregion situated in the western and northern part of Madagascar. The area has high numbers of endemic plant and animal species but has suffered large-scale clearance for agric ...

Description

This is a tree that grows from to tall with a bottle-shaped to cylindrical trunk and irregular crown.Baum, D.A., 1995, A Systematic Revision of Adansonia (Bombacaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 1995, Vol. 82, No. 3 (1995), pp. 440-471 The bark is a smooth, pale gray. Leaves are palmate with 5 to 7 leaflets and are present from November to April. Flowers are produced February to April, with the leaves, and are large and fragrant with dark red (rarely yellow) petals. In the centre of the flower is a red stigma atop a dark red style. Flowers open at dusk, are finished blooming by dawn and are pollinated by long-tongued

hawkmoths The Sphingidae are a family of moths ( Lepidoptera) called sphinx moths, also colloquially known as hawk moths, with many of their caterpillars known as “hornworms”; it includes about 1,450 species. It is best represented in the tropics, b ...

. Fruits ripen by November. They have a tough, thick shell, are rounded and usually less than long; smaller than most other baobab species. The trees are often found along watercourses and the thick-shelled fruit are likely dispersed by water.

Distribution and habitat

Madagascar baobab is found on

limestone Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms whe ...

sandstone Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate grains. Sandstones comprise about 20–25% of all sedimentary rocks. Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar (both silicates) ...

gneiss Gneiss ( ) is a common and widely distributed type of metamorphic rock. It is formed by high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphic processes acting on formations composed of igneous or sedimentary rocks. Gneiss forms at higher temperatures an ...

, usually in dry to moist deciduous forests. The species is found in scattered locations from Antsiranana at the northern tip of Madagascar south along the west coast to the Sambirano region and perhaps Soalala. It was once thought to also be found in the south-east of the country, but those trees have since been determined to be ''

Adansonia za ''Adansonia za'' is a species of baobab in the genus ''Adansonia'' of the family Malvaceae (previously included in the Bombacaceae). It was originally named in French as . Common names in Malagasy include , , , , , and , the last of which giv ...

''.

References

madagascariensis Endemic flora of Madagascar Near threatened plants Taxa named by Henri Ernest Baillon Flora of the Madagascar dry deciduous forests {{Bombacoideae-stub